Ionising radiation may damage DNA leading to cancer: Study

Ionising radiation may damage DNA leading to cancer: Study
According to a recent study, the fingerprint patterns may now enable doctors to diagnose which tumors have been caused by radiation and examine if they should be treated differently.

‘We then checked the findings with prostate cancers that had or had not been exposed to radiation, and found the same two signatures again. These mutational signatures help us explain how high-energy radiation damages DNA,’ he added. One mutational signature is a deletion where small numbers of DNA bases are cut out. The second is called a balanced inversion, where the DNA is cut in two places, the middle piece spins round, and is joined back again in the opposite orientation. Balanced inversions do not happen naturally in the body, but high-energy radiation could provide enough DNA breaks at the same time to make this possible. Researchers also said, ‘Ionising radiation probably causes all types of mutational damage, but here we can see two specific types of damage and get a sense of what is happening to the DNA. (Read: 10 types of cancers that men are more likely to get than women)

Showers of radiation chop up the genome causing lots of damage simultaneously. This seems to overwhelm the DNA repair mechanism in the cell, leading to the DNA damage we see.’ Professor Adrienne Flanagan, a collaborating cancer researcher said, ‘This is the first time that scientists have been able to define the damage caused to DNA by ionising radiation. These mutational signatures could be a diagnosis tool for both individual cases, and for groups of cancers, and could help us find out which cancers are caused by radiation. Once we have better understanding of this, we can study whether they should be treated the same or differently to other cancers.’ The research was published in Nature Communications. Here are 10 myths about cancer busted!

Source: ANI

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